Just like real life, there also exists a Moon in Minecraft. The Moon is a key companion planet that directly affects the activity of certain mobs and in-game items, which can be quite drastic.
Much like real life, the Moon also possesses its own cycle and phases, which in turn directly affects certain NPCs. A full cycle will take approximately two hours and forty minutes.
You can find the effect of the Moon on multiple Minecraft mobs below.
How does the Moon affect mobs in Minecraft?

- Slimes: Slimes are most active during the full moon phase, and least active during the new moon. As such, players who wish to run a Slime farm must take this into account – no Slimes will spawn during the new moon, after all. However, at less than y=40 altitude, the moon will not affect the spawn rate of these mobs.
- Skeletons/Zombies: Skeletons and Zombies become progressively more and more dangerous with the growth of the moon. They are particularly dangerous during a full moon, where they have a greater chance of grabbing enhanced weapons and armor.
- Spiders: Giant Spiders have a higher chance of spawning in fuller moon states, with an additional chance of adding in status effects such as speed, strength, invisibility and regeneration.
- Cats: Curiously enough, Cats are one of the several NPCs that are affected by the Moon a lot more than others. Unlike the other NPCs in this list however, Cats are usually docile and barely a threat. During a full moon, there is a 50% chance of spawning a black Cat, as opposed to the usual assortment of random colored Cats with no particular bias.
Do keep in mind that some of these mobs become progressively more aggressive depending on the world difficulty you have selected. As such, expect them to be even more difficult to deal with than usual.